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Social Cohesion and Social Integration
Strong social ties or a dense social network can have negative health effects if unhealthy behaviors are promoted or infectious disease agents are transmitted in the network.
Social exclusion (segregation) has negative effects on health.
Community and political engagement can lead to self-efficacy, or perceived ability to affect change in one's life.
Group membership, political participation, and social networking are significantly associated with human health outcomes.
Collective action and political engagement by social groups helps to secure material resources and policies that promote good health.
Social networks can help create and promote healthy social behaviors by shaping the flow of resources and information which determine access to opportunities and constraints on behavior.
Social ties and support may have beneficial effects on physical and mental health.